43 / 370
41
expected to restart their discontinued entrepreneurial activity in the next
three years. Our findings indicate, that the restart rate in 2013 was the
highest in last three years. Also, in this year the restart rate of women for the
first time in the monitored period (due to triple increase compared to 2011)
exceeded the restart rate of men. Therefore, the inclusiveness of business
restart from the gender perspective can be considered as favourable. In
general, restarted entrepreneurs (in comparison with those individuals who
abstain from entrepreneurship after discontinuation) exhibit significantly
higher perception of entrepreneurial opportunities, high self-confidence in
relation to their entrepreneurial skills, as well as significantly lower fear of
failure that would prevent them from engaging in business activities. On the
other hand, perception of societal attitudes towards entrepreneurship are
relatively similar irrespective of the business restart.
Inclusive entrepreneurship of the selected disadvantaged groups in
Slovakia and in the international context
According to research on inclusive entrepreneurship of youth, women and
seniors, the most critical situation in Slovakia from the perspective of
entrepreneurial dynamics as well as the international comparison is observed in
senior population.
Youth entrepreneurship
x
Youth
(18 to 24 years old) in Slovakia exhibits, despite only average self-
confidence about own entrepreneurial skills, high level of overall
entrepreneurial potential, mainly thanks to optimistic perceptions of
business opportunities and absenting fear of failure. Similarly, the
perceptions of societal attitudes towards entrepreneurship are relatively
favourable among Slovak youth. Also, intention to start a business in youth
population is exceptionally high, with one third of individuals not yet
involved in business activities declaring the intention to do so. However,
despite high overall entrepreneurial potential (10.0%) and intention to start
a business (32.0%), their conversion into actual entrepreneurial activity is
rather insufficient. In case of youth, the entrepreneurial activity can be
considered as average (in 2013 the level of TEA in age category 18 to 24 was
8.6%). Early-stage entrepreneurs from among youth are slightly less focused
on sophisticated industries, are slightly more innovative (in terms of active as
well as passive innovation) and exhibit similar degree of foreign market
orientation like the overall adult population. Despite lower conversion of
entrepreneurial potential and intention into actual activity and despite
slightly different industrial composition, the issue of inclusive
entrepreneurship among Slovak youth is rather favourable.
x
High level of overall entrepreneurial potential among
young adults
(10.8%)
is based mostly on their self-confidence about own entrepreneurial skills,
despite more reserved attitude towards business opportunities and despite