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a necessity. The most satisfied with their work are those entrepreneurs
whose motive for entry into the business was an opportunity. International
comparisons show that Slovaks are the least satisfied within V5 countries in
terms of work. Our satisfaction is also below the average of Europe and also
those countries whose development is based on innovation. The general
dissatisfaction of Slovaks with their work deserves more detailed psycho-
sociological examination of the key reasons on the national level, which
determine such behavior.
The dynamics of entrepreneurial aspirations in Slovakia: growth,
innovation and foreign orientation
x
The dynamics of entrepreneurial aspirations
in this monograph are
analyzed in terms of three criteria: growth profile, innovation and
international orientation of entrepreneurs in Slovakia internally and in
international comparison.
x
In terms of
growth profile
, evaluated through the expected job creation,
there was a downward trend in the number of expected jobs in the past three
years. The proportion of entrepreneurs with high expectations (creation of
six or more jobs) declined, and a slight increase was logically recorded in the
category with the expected creation of up to five jobs. Reducing of the
expectations of growth in each category is partially influenced by the overall
drop in entrepreneurial activity in Slovakia. In international comparison,
Slovakia, despite the declining trend, is consistently above the average in
Europe and the region.
x
In terms of
innovation
Slovak entrepreneurs were divided into innovative
and non-innovative, using the innovative score model. In the three evaluated
years, the share of innovative early-stage entrepreneurs fell from 45.6% to
38.2%. For established businesses, the share of innovative entrepreneurs
oscillated around 25%. In terms of entrepreneurial potential, innovative
entrepreneurs are generally more positive in the perception of opportunities
and social attitudes towards entrepreneurship. In the area of self-evaluation,
the innovative entrepreneurs both in the early-stage and the established
stage express slightly lower fear of failure but they perceive own skills more
critically than non-innovative entrepreneurs (with the exception of
innovative established entrepreneurs in 2013). In an international
comparison of innovation, Slovakia lags far behind the European and V5
averages and therefore the support of innovative entrepreneurship in
Slovakia should be a priority.
x
The
international orientation of Slovak entrepreneurs
has increased
substantially, while the impact on this area was caused by a particularly
significant decline in early-stage and established entrepreneurs without
foreign customers in 2013. This benefited Slovakia in terms of international
comparisons, and caused a significant increase in ranking in the region and
in Europe. In the group of early-stage entrepreneurs, this change reflected in