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75
Ekonomické dopady podnikania seniorov
6N~PDQLH SRGQLNDQLD VHQLRURY VD WLHå V~VWUHćXMH QD Yê]QDP NWRUê
SUHGVWDYXM~ SRGQLNDWHOLD VHQLRUL SUH HNRQRPLNX D
hospodársky rast. Štúdie sa
VQDåLD QiMVĢ SUtVWXS DNR ]PHUDĢ D GHILQRYDĢ SUtQRV SRGQLNDQLD VHQLRURY D
þL MH WRWR
podnikanie z
HNRQRPLFNpKR KĐDGLVND SUH KRVSRGiUVWYR Yê]QDPQp 9R
YãHREHFQRVWL MH SRGQLNDQLH SRNODGDQp ]D NĐ~þRYê IDNWRU D KQDFt PRWRU
ekonomiky,
preto
WYRUFRYLD SROLWtN SUHGSRNODGDM~ åH WR EXGH SODWLĢ DM SUH SRGQLNDQLH
seniorov
a
åH YêKRG\ SO\Q~FH ] PDOpKR D
stredného podnikania vo všeobecnosti sa priamo
DSOLNXM~ DM QD SRGQLNDQLH VHQLRURY 3RGQLNDQLH VHQLRURY MH SUHWR ] SRKĐDGX SROLWtN
YQtPDQp DNR DNWLYLWD V SRWHQFLiORP SULQLHVĢ WDN HNRQRPLFNp DNR DM VRFLiOQH
YêKRG\
(Halabinsky et al., 2012)
9LDFHUp ãW~GLH DUJXPHQWXM~ DM ]QtåHQêPL
QiNODGPL QD VRFLiOQH ]DEH]SHþHQLH GiYN\ Y QH]DPHVWQDQRVWL SUtSDGQH
G{FKRGNRYp ]DEH]SHþHQLH NWRUp P{åH HNRQRPLFNi DNWLYLWD VHQLRURY RGEUHPHQLĢ
(Curran a Blackburn, 2001; Singh a Denoble, 2003; Weber a Schaper, 2004).
1D GUXKHM VWUDQH ãW~GLH SRXND]XM~ QD VNXWRþQRVĢ åH QLH NDåGp SRGQLNDQLH
VHQLRURY PXVt QXWQH ]QDPHQDĢ Y\VRNê HNRQRPLFNê SUtQRV .DXWRQHQ
et al. (2008)
DUJXPHQWXM~ åH SROLWLN\ ]DPHUDQp QD SRGSRUX SRGQLNDQLD VHQLRURY
v
]QHYêKRGQHQêFK VNXSLQiFK QHEXG~ PDĢ YHĐNê YSO\Y QD HNRQRPLFNê UDVW NHćåH
WiWR VNXSLQD VHQLRURY QHWYRUt LQRYDWtYQH DQL
vysoko rastové typy podnikania.
9êKRGD ]QtåHQêFK QiNODGRY QD VRFLiOQX VWDURVWOLYRVĢ YãDN ]RVWiYD SODWQi DM Y
tomto
SUtSDGH
9êVNXP ]DPHUDQê QD SRGQLNDWHĐRY YR 9HĐNHM %ULWiQLL ]LVWLO åH SRGQLNDWHOLD
v
QDMY\ããHM YHNRYHM NDWHJyULL V~ RSDWUQHMãt Y RGKDGRYDQt WYRUE\ SUDFRYQêFK PLHVW
a
]DPHULDYDM~ VD QD PHQHM UDVWRYp SRGQLNDQLH
(Hart et al., 2004)
âW~GLD %RWKDPD
a
*UDYHVD
]DV SRURYQiYD LQRYDWtYQH SRGQLNDQLH PHG]L VHQLRUPL
a
SULPiUQRX YHNRYRX NDWHJyULRX
1
SULþRP Y SULPiUQHM YHNRYHM NDWHJyULL EROR
SRGQLNRY SRYDåRYDQêFK ]D LQRYDWtYQH 8 SRGQLNDWHĐRY VHQLRURY
to tak bolo len pri
30% podnikov (Botham a Graves, 2009)
'UXKRX VWUiQNRX PLQFH MH YãDN
VNXWRþQRVĢ åH SUL DQDO\]RYDQt
åLYRWQRVWL SRGQLNDQLD SR SLDWLFK URNRFK Då
SRGQLNRY ]DORåHQêFK D
ULDGHQêFK VHQLRUPL EROR VWiOH IXQJXM~FLFK RSURWL
podnikov z
DORåHQêFK PODGãtPL SRGQLNDWHĐPL
2
.
1DSULHN WêPWR ãW~GLiP ]LVWHQLD YêVNXPX =KDQJ
SRXND]XM~ QD
SR]LWtYQ\ Y]ĢDK SRGQLND
nia seniorov a
HNRQRPLFNpKR UDVWX Y 86$ 9
prvom rade
DXWRUND ]LVWLOD åH Y
štátoch s
QDMY\ããtP SHUFHQWRP SRGQLNDWHĐRY VHQLRURY MH
]iURYHĖ QDMY\ããt SUHE\WRN ILQDQþQêFK ]GURMRY Y VRFLiOQ\FK IRQGRFK D QDMY\ããLD
]DPHVWQDQRVĢ 7DNWLHå ]LVWLOD SR]LWtYQX ]iYLVORVĢ PHG]L SRGQLNDQtP VHQLRURY
a
HNRQRPLFNêP UDVWRP Y
štátoch s
QDMY\ããtP SRþWRP SRGQLNDWHĐRY VHQLRURY 7LHWR
VNXWRþQRVWL V~ ćDOHM GRSOQHQp R
]LVWHQLH åH SRGQLNDWHOLD Y
WUHĢRP YHNX PDM~ QLåãLH
WHPSR RGFKiG]DQLD GR G{FKRGNX þR WêFKWR MHGQRWOLYFRY XGUåLDYD GOKãLH Y DNWtYQHM
pracovnej sile a
Pi WHGD SR]LWtYQH GRSDG\ QD HNRQRPLNX
(Zhang
, 2008)
.
1
3ULPiUQD YHNRYi NDWHJyULD V~ QHVHQLRUL WHGD SRSXOiFLD YR YHNX
– 54 rokov.
2
$*( 8. 7KH ULVH RI µROGHUSUHQHXU¶