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NDWHJyULL þL Xå SR]LWtYQH DOHER QHJDWtYQH âW~GLH SRXND]XM~ QD WR åH VHQLRUL V~
VFKRSQHMãt ]DþDĢ D XGUåDĢ EL]QLV DNR LFK PODGãt NROHJRYLD SUHGRYãHWNêP YćDND
ILQDQFLiP ĐXGVNpPX D VRFLiOQHPX NDSLWiOX NWRUê QDDNXPXORYDOL SRþDV VYRMKR
åLYRWD
(Singh a Denoble, 2003)
âW~GLH URYQDNR SRXND]XM~ QD VNXWRþQRVĢ åH
SRGQLN\ ]DORåHQp VHQLRUPL PDM~ Y\ããLX SUDYGHSRGREQRVĢ SUHåLWLD DNR WLH ]DORåHQp
PODGãtPL SRGQLNDWHĐPL
(Cressy, Storey, 1995)
1D GUXKHM VWUDQH YLDFHUp HPSLULFNp
ãW~GLH SRXND]XM~ QD WR åH VHQLRUL PDM~ PHQãt VNORQ ]DþDĢ SRGQLNDWHĐVNp DN
tivity
DNR PODGãt SRWHQFLiOQL SRGQLNDWHOLD
(Curran a Blackburn, 2001). Z
WRKR Y\SOêYD åH
QDSULHN WRPX åH Y
VWDUãRP YHNX V~ VFKRSQRVWL MHGQRWOLYFRY HIHNWtYQH SRGQLNDĢ
Y\ããLH PRWLYiFLD YHG~FD N SRGQLNDWHĐVNpPX VSUiYDQLX MH X
VHQLRURY QLåãLD
(Kautonen, 2008).
Z
KĐDGLVND IDNWRURY QD NWRUp MH Y
UiPFL ãW~GLt NODGHQê QDMYlþãt G{UD] YLHPH
FKDUDNWHUL]RYDĢ WHRUHWLFNê UiPHF SRGQLNDQLD VHQLRURY SRGĐD QDVOHGRYQêFK
aspektov
(
Kilber
et al., 2011): p
RGQLNDWHĐVNp SUHGLVSR]tFLH PRWtY\ SRGQLNDĢ
ĐXGVNê NDSLWiO VRFLiOQ\ NDSLWiO SUDFRYQp VN~VHQRVWL ILQDQþQê NDSLWiO
SRGQLNDQLH åLHQ VHQLRULHN SROLWLN\ D SRGSRUD SRGQLNDQLD QHIRUPiOQH LQãWLW~FLH
a
NXOW~UQD SRGSRUD SRGQLNDQLD
3RGQLNDWHĐVNp SUHGLVSR]tFLH D PRWtY\ SRGQLNDĢ
6HQLRUL V~ SRGĐD YLDFHUêFK ãW~GLt PHQHM RGKRGODQt
]DþDĢ SRGQLNDĢ
v
SRURYQDQt V PODGãtPL YHNRYêPL NDWHJyULDPL
(Curran a Blackburn, 2001; Singh
a Denoble, 2003)
3HUFHQWR SRGQLNDWHĐRY Y
VNXSLQH VHQLRURY MH SRGĐD HPSLULFNêFK
ãW~GLt SULEOLåQH QD ~URYQL SRORYLFH RSURWL SRGQLNDWHĐRP Y PODGãtFK YHNRYêFK
VNXSLQi
ch (Hart et al., 2004)
7LHWR ]LVWHQLD HPSLULFNêFK ãW~GLt SRGSRUXMH DM
YêVNXP Y]ĢDKX PHG]L VWDUQXWtP D SRGQLNDWHĐVNêP VSUiYDQtP
(Levesque a Minniti,
2006)
âW~GLD /HYHVTXH D 0LQQLWL
VN~PD YSO\Y YHNX QD GLVWULE~FLX þDVX
med
]L DNWLYLW\ JHQHUXM~FH SUtM
em a
YRĐQRþDVRYp DNWLYLW\ DNR DM QD U{]QH GUXK\
DNWLYtW JHQHUXM~FLFK SUtMHP NRQNUpWQH ]DPHVWQDQLH D SRGQLNDQLH =LVWHQLD ãW~GLH
SRWYUGLOL åH SUH MHGQRWOLYp YHNRYp NDWHJyULH H[LVWXMH ãSHFLILFNi DORNiFLD þDVX PHG]L
WLHWR DNWLYLW\ NWRUi ] KĐDGLVND MHGQRWOLYFD PD[LPDOL]XMH ~åLWRN 9SO\YRP VWDUQXWLD
VD ]DPHUDQLH MHGQRWOLYFD SUHV~YD ] DNWLYtW JHQHUXM~FLFK SUtMHP GR DNWLYtW
]DPHUDQêFK QD RGG\FK 7DNWLHå VXEMHNWtYQD KRGQRWD EXG~FLFK SUtMPRY NOHVi
a
MHGQRWOLYFL VD V UDVW~FLP YHNRP ]DPHULDYDM~ YLDF QD DNWLYLW\ JHQHUXM~FH SUtMHP
v
NUiWNRP þDVRYRP KRUL]RQWH þtP VD ]QLåXMH YêVN\W SRGQLNDQLD X
seniorov
(Levesque a Minniti, 2006). Pri
SRURYQDQt PODGêFK D
VWDUãtFK SRGQLNDWHĐRY
s
UDVW~FLP YHNRP NOHVi SRþHW RGSUDFRYDQêFK KRGtQ
v
UiPFL SRGQLNDQLD DM
Y]KĐDGRP QD KRUã
iu
YêGUå D
energiu
YR Y\ããRP YHNX 7RWR ]LVWHQLH Y\SOêYD ]R
ãW~GLt ]DPHUDQêFK QD SRURYQDQLH SUDFRYQpKR þDVX VDPR]DPHVWQDQêFK DPHULFNêFK
SRGQLNDWHĐRY Y G{FKRGNRYRP YHNX V
LFK PODGãtPL NROHJDPL
(Fuchs 1982; Honing
a Hanoch, 1985).
1DSULHN WHMWR VNXWRþQRVWL ãW~GLH SRGQLNDQLD VHQLRURY GRND]XM~ åH PQRKt
VHQLRUL VD ]DSiMDM~ GR SRGQLNDWHĐVNHM DNWLYLW\ 1D ]iNODGH DQDOê]\ PRWtYRY