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innovation driven-countries, and V5 + Austria averages across all educational
groups. The university education group has the highest early-stage
entrepreneurial activity in Slovakia. Because of the relative sizes of the
education group, most beginning entrepreneurs in Slovakia in fact only have
a high school education, even though this category was the most impacted by
TEA decline in 2012 (from 17.9% in the year 2011 to 9.2% in 2012).
x
In 2012, as in 2011, early-stage entrepreneurial activity (TEA) as well as the
percentage of established entrepreneurs was the highest in the highest income
category: 10.3% for TEA and 6.0% for established entrepreneurs.
x
In terms of sectorial profile in 2012, most early-stage entrepreneurs (TEA) were
doing business in services to end consumers. Their share dropped from 42.5%
to 38.5% year on year. The second highest proportion (32.4%) works in the
sector of business services. This group achieved the largest annual increase in
2012 compared to 2011 (20%). By contrast, the sector of construction industry,
manufacturing, transportation, utilities, communications and wholesale
recorded a significant decline compared to 2011 (from 36.1% to 25.3%). The
lowest percentage of early-stage entrepreneurs (3.8%), just as in 2011, does
business in agriculture and extractive industries. The services-dominated
sectorial profile is similar to that in countries whose development is
innovation-driven.
x
Sector allocation among established entrepreneurs in 2012 was slightly
different to the TEA entrepreneurs. Most of the established entrepreneurs
(41.4%) are doing business in the sector of construction, manufacturing,
transportation... The second highest proportion (31.1%) work in the sector of
services for end consumers. The business services sector was ranked third
(23.7%) and the lowest percentage of established businesses (3.8%) are active
in agriculture and extractive industries.
Entrepreneurial aspirations of Slovak entrepreneurs
x
Aspirations of Slovak entrepreneurs in terms of expected job creation - the
growth profile of entrepreneurs - decreased in 2012, which is mainly a result of
the lower early-stage entrepreneurial activity as well as lower activity in the
group of established entrepreneurs. In the category of 0-5 jobs created in the
five years term, Slovakia (4.3%) dropped below the V5 + Austria average
(4.4%), but remained above the European average (3.7%). In the categories of
6-19 (2.2%) and 20 and more (1.3%) jobs created within five years, despite the
2012 annual decline, Slovakia remained above the V5 + Austria averages (1.4%
and 1.0%, respectively), as well as above the European averages (1.4% and
0.9%, respectively). The rank of Slovakia among European countries decreased
slightly across all categories. In the group of innovation driven countries,
Slovak growth aspirations were above the average in all categories.