199 / 370
197
7DEXĐND
4.3
3RGQLNDWHĐVNi DNWLYLWD POiGHåH QD 6ORYHQVNX
v
URNRFK Då
8ND]RYDWHĐ
SR 2013
SR 2012
SR 2011
=iPHU ]DþDĢ SRGQLNDĢ
32,0%
19,8%
28,2%
TEA
8,6%
12,8%
14,3%
(WDEORYDQt SRGQLNDWHOLD
0,4%
0,5%
1,9%
3UHUXãHQLH SRGQLNDQLD
4,1%
4,0%
4,8%
Zdroj: Dáta GEM 2013, 2012 a 2011, vlastné spracovanie autorov
=iPHU ]DþDĢ SRGQLNDĢ MH ] SRKĐDGX SURFHVX SRGQLNDQLD Ii]RX NWRUi
EH]SURVWUHGQH SUHGFKiG]D VDPRWQHM SRGQLNDWHĐVNHM DNWLYLWH þDVĢ
2.1.1).
+RGQRWHQLH ]iPHUX ]DþDĢ SRGQLNDĢ PHG]L QHSRGQLNDWHĐPL Y UDGRFK POiGHåH
QDSRYHGi åH QDSULHN SRNOHVX Y URNX
Då WDNPHU WUHWLQD MHGQRWOLYFRY
Y\MDGULOD ]iPHU ]DþDĢ Y QDMEOLåãtFK WURFK URNRFK SRGQLNDĢ 3RURYQDQLH V FHONRYRX
GRVSHORX SRSXOiFLRX QDVYHGþXMH åH SRþDV YãHWNêFK VOHGRYDQêFK URNRY ERO ]iPHU
]DþDĢ SRGQLNDĢ Y UDGRFK POiGHåH WDNPHU GYRMQiVREQê 7HQWR SULD]QLYê VWDY
QDGYl]XMH QD NRPSDUDWtYQH Y\VRNp KRGQRWHQLH FHONRYpKR SRGQLNDWHĐVNpK
o
SRWHQFLiOX POiGHåH 6SROX V QtP WDN Y\WYiUD YêFKRGLVNR SUH SULD]QLYê VWDY
LQNOX]LYLW\ SRGQLNDQLD POiGHåH QD 6ORYHQVNX
&HONRYi SRþLDWRþQi SRGQLNDWHĐVNi DNWLYLWD 7($ MH ćDOãRX Ii]RX SURFHVX
SRGQLNDQLD NWRUi ]DKĚĖD URGLDFH VD SRGQLNDQLH D QRY~ SRGQLNDWHĐVN~ DNWLYLWX
s
WUYDQtP GR URND 0LHUD 7($ POiGHåH QD 6ORYHQVNX Y\ND]RYDOD Y VOHGRYDQRP
REGREt URNRY
Då
NOHVDM~FX WHQGHQFLX .êP Y URNX EROR Då
MHGQRWOLYFRY ] UDGRY POiGHåH ]DSRMHQêFK Y SRþLDWRþQHM SRGQLNDWHĐVNHM DNWLYLWH
v roku 2012 to bolo len 12,8% a napokon v roku 2013 dokonca len 8,6%. Tento
NOHVDM~FL WUHQG ]RGSRYHGi YêYRMX Y UiPFL FHONRYHM GRVSHOHM SRSXOiFLH =DXMtPDYRX
MH YãDN VNXWRþQRVĢ åH SRNLDĐ PLHUD 7($ X POiGHåH Y URNRFK
D
SUHNUDþRYDOD PLHUX 7($ FHONRYHM GRVSHOHM SRSXOiFLH Y URNX Xå EROD FHONRYi
SRþLDWRþQi DNWLYLWD POiGHåH R QLHþR QLåãLD 0RåQR WDN NRQãWDWRYDĢ åH QD UR]GLHO RG
SRGQLNDWHĐVNpKR SRWHQFLiOX þL ]iPHUX SRGQLNDĢ ]DSRMHQLH POiGHåH QD 6ORYHQVNX
v
SRþLDWRþQRP SRGQLNDQt ] KĐDGLVND YêãN\ DNR DM ] KĐDGLVND YêYRMD Y ]iVDGH
]RGSRYHGi VLWXiFLL Y SUtSDGH FHONRYHM GRVSHOHM SRSXOiFLH .YDQWLWDWtYQD VWUiQND
SRþLDWRþQHM SRGQLNDWHĐVNHM DNWLYLW\ POiGHåH WêP SiGRP VtFH QHY\SRYHGi
o
SUREOHPDWLFNHM LQNOX]LYLWH SRGQLNDQLD DYãDN QD GUXKHM VWUDQH QDVYHGþXMH åH
vy
VRNê FHONRYê SRGQLNDWHĐVNê SRWHQFLiO þL ]iPHU SRGQLNDĢ QLH V~ NRQYHUWRYDQp GR
VNXWRþQpKR UR]ELHKDQLD SRGQLNDWHĐVNHM DNWLYLW\ Y WDNHM PLHUH DNR WRPX MH
v
SUtSDGH FHONRYHM SRSXOiFLH 'R SR]RUQRVWL WDN YVWXSXM~ RWi]N\ NWRUp SRGĐD QiãKR
XV~GHQLD ]RKUiYDM~ Y PLHUH NRQYHU]LH G{OHåLW~ ~ORKX ,GH MHGQDN R RWi]NX UHiOQRVWL
UHVS QDGKRGQRWHQRVWL SRGQLNDWHĐVNpKR SRWHQFLiOX D ]iPHUX SRGQLNDĢ ]R VWUDQ\
POiGHåH DNR DM RWi]NX EDULpU YVWXSX GR SRGQLNDQLD Y SRGQLNDWHĐVNRP SURVWUHGt
a
FLWOLYRVWL POiGHåH QD WLHWR EDULpU\ .êP KĐDGDQLH RGSRYHGH QD SUY~ RWi]NX EXGH
Y\åDGRYDĢ KOEãLH VN~PDQLH QDG UiPHF QDãHM SXEOLNiFLH R ]RGSRYHGDQLH GUXKHM
RWi]N\ VD XVLOXMHPH Y þDVWL
NGH YHQXMHPH SR]RUQRVĢ KRGQRWHQLX