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204
3UYêP ] DQDO\]RYDQêFK NRPSRQHQWRY SRGQLNDWHĐVNpKR SRWHQFLiOX PODGêFK
GRVSHOêFK MH YQtPDQLH SUtOHåLWRVWt QD SRGQLNDQLH 3HUFHQWR WêFK þR YQtPDM~ YR
VYRMRP RNROt Y QDMEOLåãHM EXG~FQRVWL GREUp SUtOHåLWRVWL QD ]DþDWLH SRGQLNDQLD
SRNOHVOR ]
Y URNX
Då QD
Y URNX
9]KĐDGRP QD G{OHåLWRVĢ
YQtPDQLD SRGQLNDWHĐVNêFK SUtOHåLWRVWt DNR YêFKRGLVND VDPRWQHM SRGQLNDWHĐVNHM
DNWLYLW\ PRåQR WHQWR YêYRM SRYDåRYDĢ ]D QHSULD]QLYê 1D GUXKHM VWUDQH GDQê YêYRM
]RGSRYHGi WUHQGX FHONRYHM GRVSHOHM SRSXOiFLH QD 6ORYHQVNX NGH YQtPDQLH
SUtOHåLWRVWt Y DQDO\]RYDQRP REGREt NOHVOR URYQDNR SULEOLåQH R WUHWLQX DYãDN
GRVDKXMH HãWH QLåãLH KRGQRW\
Y URNX
0RåQR WDN NRQãWDWRYDĢ åH PODGt
GRVSHOt YQtPDM~ H[LVWHQFLX SUtOHåLWRVWt QD SRGQLNDQLH FHONRYR RSWLPLVWLFNHMãLH
6SRORþHQVNp SRVWRMH N SRGQLNDQLX Y SUtSDGH PODGêFK GRVSHOêFK QD 6ORYHQVNX
Y\ND]XM~ Y VOHGRYDQRP REGREt URNRY
Då
FHONRYê SRNOHV KRGQRWHQLD
7HQWR SRNOHV ERO YêUD]QHMãt SUL YQtPDQt þL SRGQLNDQLH MH SRYDåRYDQp ]D YKRGQ~
NDULpUQX YRĐEX DNR DM SUL YQtPDQt þL ~VSHãQt ]DþtQDM~FL SRGQLNDWHOLD SRåtYDM~
UHãSHNW D X]QDQLH 9 RERFK SUtSDGRFK SRNOHVOR XYHGHQp YQtPDQLH R SULEOLåQH
SHUFHQWXiOQ\FK ERGRY 5RYQDNR SRNOHV L
NHć Y PHQãRP UR]VDKX ]D]QDPHQDOR
KRGQRWHQLH PHGLiOQHM SR]RUQRVWL YHQRYDQHM ~VSHãQpPX QRYpPX SRGQLNDQLX
9ãHWN\ XYHGHQp VNXWRþQRVWL PRåQR SRYDåRYDĢ ]D QHSULD]QLYp YR Y]ĢDKX
k
VSRORþHQVNHM SRGSRUH SRGQLNDQLD PODGêFK GRVSHOêFK QD 6ORYHQVNX 1DSRNRQ
YQtPDQLH HJDOLWDUL]PX þLåH SUHIHURYDQLD URYQDNHM åLYRWQHM ~URYQH WDNWLHå PLHUQH
SRNOHVOR 2SURWL RVWDWQêP FKDUDNWHULVWLNiP YãDN LGH YêYRM NWRUê SULD]QLYR YSOêYD
QD SRGQLNDWHĐVN~ DNWLYLWX NHćåH HJDOLWDUL]PXV MH SRYDåRYDQê ]D MHGHQ
z
REPHG]XM~FLFK VSRORþHQVNêFK
postojov vo v
]ĢDKX N SRGQLNDQLX
. Z
SRKĐDGX
SRURYQDQLD VWDYX D YêYRMD VSRORþHQVNêFK SRVWRMRY PODGêFK GRVSHOêFK V
celkovou
GRVSHORX SRSXOiFLRX PRåQR NRQãWDWRYDĢ MHGQDN URYQDNê WUHQG WHGD FHONRYê
SRNOHV DNR DM SRGREQê NRQHþQê VWDY V RGFKêONDPL RG GR SHUFHQWXiOQHKR
ERGX &HONRYR WDN PRåQR NRQãWDWRYDĢ åH NRPSR]tFLD YQtPDQLD VSRORþHQVNêFK
SRVWRMRY N SRGQLNDQLX QHY\ND]XMH SUHGSRNODG QHJDWtYQH RYSO\YĖRYDĢ LQNOX]LYLWX
SRGQLNDQLD PODGêFK GRVSHOêFK QD 6ORYHQVNX
6HEDKRGQRWHQLH PODGêFK GRVSHOêFK YR Y]ĢDKX N SRGQLNDQLX Y\Ni]DOR
v
URNRFK
Då
SULD]QLYê YêYRM 9 URNX
Då WDNPHU ] GHVLDWLFK
PODGêFK GRVSHOêFK GHNODURYDOR åH GLVSRQXMH SRWUHEQêPL VFKRSQRVĢDPL
]QDORVĢDPL D VN~VHQRVĢDPL SUH SRGQLNDQLH D ]iURYHĖ OHQ SULEOLåQH ] GHVLDWLFK
mladých do
VSHOêFK E\ VWUDFK ]R ]O\KDQLD RGUDGLO RG ]DþDWLD SRGQLNDQLD
V
SRURYQDQt V FHONRYRX GRVSHORX SRSXOiFLRX WDN PODGt GRVSHOt Y\ND]RYDOL Y URNX
URYQDNR DNR Y SUHGFKiG]DM~FLFK URNRFK Y\ããLH VHEDYHGRPLH D QLåãt VWUDFK
]R ]O\KDQLD YR Y]ĢDKX N SRGQLNDQLX 8YHGHQp VNXWRþQRVWL WDN SULD]QLYR YSOêYDM~ QD
LFK LQNOX]LYLWX Y SRGQLNDWHĐVNHM DNWLYLWH
1DSRNRQ þR VD WêND FHONRYpKR SRGQLNDWHĐVNpKR SRWHQFLiOX PODGêFK
GRVSHOêFK QDSULHN WRPX åH YQtPDQLH GLVSRQRYDQLD VFKRSQRVĢDPL SRWUHEQêPL SUH
SRGQLNDQLH VD PLHUQH ]Yêã
ilo a strach zo zlyhania naopak nepatrne poklesol, efekt
YêUD]QpKR SRNOHVX YQtPDQLD GREUêFK SUtOHåLWRVWt QD SRGQLNDQLH Y URNX NOHVOR
RSURWL URNX R WUHWLQX VD SUHMDYLO Y FHONRYRP SRNOHVH SRWHQFLiOX SRGQLNDĢ /HQ