165 / 370
163
'\QDPLND SRGQLNDWHĐVNêFK DãSLUiFLt 6ORYiNRY
3
UDVW LQRYiFLH D SUHQLNDQLH QD ]DKUDQLþQp WUK\
3RGQLNDWHĐVNp DãSLUiFLH GHILQXMHPH QD ]iNODGH WURFK REODVWt GHILQRYDQêFK
SRGĐD PRGHOX
*(0 =DPHULDYDPH VD WHGD QD UDVWRYp RþDNiYDQLD ]DþtQDM~FLFK
SRGQLNDWHĐRY LQRYDWtYQRVĢ ] KĐDGLVND PHG]LQiURGQpKR SRURYQDQLD D YQ~WRUQHM
ãWUXNW~U\ D WDNWLHå QD ]DKUDQLþQ~ RULHQWiFLX 9 WHMWR NDSLWROH G\QDPLNX YêYRMD
SRGQLNDWHĐVNêFK DãSLUiFLt DQDO\]XMHPH Y REGREt
Då
QD ~URYQL 6ORYHQVND
VNXSLQ\ 9 D (XUyS\ 9 NDSLWROH SRGUREQHMãLH DQDO\]XMHPH SRGQLNDWHĐVNp
DãSLUiFLH Y\EUDQêFK VNXStQ SRGQLNDWHĐRY
–
PODGêFK åLHQ D VHQLRURY
=PLHQHQp IRUP\ SRGQLNDWHĐVNêFK DãSLUiFLt V~ SR]LWtYQH DVRFLRYDQp
s ekonomi
FNêP UR]YRMRP :HQQHNHUV
et al., 2010, Bosma et al., 2011) a v tejto
þDVWL VD ]DPHULDPH KOEãLH QD LFK DQDOê]X 5DVWRYp DãSLUiFLH SUHGVWDYXM~ NĐ~þRY~
REODVĢ 6~ SULDP\P D PHUDWHĐQêP XND]RYDWHĐRP SRGQLNDQLD D ]iURYHĖ V~
SUHSRMHQp QD MHGHQ ]R ]iNODGQêFK FLHĐRY DNHMNRĐYHN YOiG\ D WR ]Y\ãRYDĢ
]DPHVWQDQRVĢ D SRþHW SUDFRYQêFK PLHVW
$PRUyV D %RVPD
3URVWUHGQtFWYRP SULHVNXPX Y REODVWL RþDNiYDQHM WYRUE\ SUDFRYQêFK PLHVW
u
SRGQLNDWHĐRY MH PRåQp LGHQWLILNRYDĢ UDVWRYê SRWHQFLiO SRGQLNDQLD þR
SUHGVWDYXMH G{OHåLW~ REODVĢ SUL Y\WYiUDQt SROLWtN ]DPHUDQêFK QD ]Y\ãRYDQLH
]DPHVWQDQRVWL '{OHåLWêP DVSHNWRP UDVWRYêFK DãSLUiFLt MH LFK ~]ND SUHYLD]DQRVĢ
s
SRGQLNDWHĐRYêPL RþDNiYDQLDPL RKĐDGRP SRWHQFLiOX NWRUê MHKR SRGQLN Pi
UHVSHNWtYH MHKR DPEtFLRX UiVĢ
3RSUL UDVWRYêFK DãSLUiFLiFK MH GUXKRX G{OHåLWRX REODVĢRX SUHSRMHQRX QD UDVW
SRGQLNDQLD LQRYDWtYQRVĢ =DNLDĐ YSO\Y UDVWRYêFK RþDNiYDQt MH ] KĐDGLVND
SRGQLNDQLD Y VWUHGQRGRERP KRUL]RQWH QDMYLGLWHĐQHMãt YSO\Y LQRYiFLt QD GRSDG\
SRGQLNDQLD MH VN{U GOKRGREê $PRUyV D %RVPD
,QRYDWtYQRVĢ ] KĐDGLVND
QRYpKR SURGXNWX D WUKX MH YãDN UHODWtYQD SUHGRYãHWNêP SUL PHG]LQiURGQRP
SRURYQiYDQt HNRQRPtN 7R þR MH QRYp SUH ]iND]QtNRY Y MHGQHM NUDMLQH P{åH E\Ģ
]QiPH ]iND]QtNRP Y LQHM 9 WRPWR SUtSDGH MH SUHWR G{OHåLWp ]DPHUDĢ VD DM Q
a
YQ~WRUQ~ ãWUXNW~UX LQRYDWtYQ\FK SRGQLNDWHĐRY Y UiPFL NUDMLQ\ 9 QHSRVOHGQRP
UDGH PHG]L ]iNODGQp LQGLNiWRU\ SRGQLNDWHĐVNêFK DãSLUiFLt *(0 PRGHO ]DUDćXMH
PHG]LQiURGQ~ RULHQWiFLX SRGQLNDQLD 9 V~þDVQHM JOREiOQHM HNRQRPLNH MH
G{OHåLWêP IDNWRURP VFKRSQRVĢ SRGQLNDWHĐRY DGDSWRYDĢ VD QD UDVW~FH
PHG]LQiURGQp WUK\ 7iWR SUREOHPDWLND VD Xå QHWêND OHQ YHĐNêFK QDGQiURGQêFK
NRUSRUiFLt DOH þRUD] SULDPHMãLH MH VSlWi V PDOêPL D VWUHGQêPL G\QDPLFNêPL
SRGQLNPL D SRGQLNDWHĐPL 9 WHMWR REODVWL H[LVWXM~ WUL G{OHåLWp ]LVWHQLD
,
NWRUp
SRSLVXM~ VNXSLQ\ VR ãSHFLILFNêPL FKDUDNWHULVWLNDPL .HOOH\
et al., 2012). V prvom
UDGH LGH R HNRQRPLN\ V YHĐNRX SRSXOiFLRX D QDGPHUQRX UR]ORKRX NWRUp
SUHXND]XM~ YHĐPL Qt]NX ]DKUDQLþQ~ RULHQWiFLX Y SRþLDWRþQHM SRGQLNDWHĐVNHM
DNWLYLWH ýtQD ,QGLD %UD]tOLD 0H[LNR 'UXKRX NDWHJyULRX MH QDMYlþãt VYHWRYê WUK
–
6SRMHQp ãWiW\
–
NWRUêFK ]DKUDQLþQi RULHQWiFLD MH VtFH OHQ PLHUQD QR Y\ããLD DNR
v
NUDMLQiFK NWRUêFK UR]YRM MH ]DORåHQê QD HIHNWLYLWH 7UHĢRX VNXSLQRX V~ NUDMLQ\
NWRUêFK ~URYHĖ PHG]LQiURGQHM RULHQWiFLH X
]DþtQDM~FL
ch (TEA)
SRGQLNDWHĐRY MH